What is the current name of the federal agency that was formerly known as the National Bureau of Standards?

The correct choice, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), is the name that was adopted to reflect the agency's expanded role in developing standards, measurements, and technology. NIST plays a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of measurements in various industries, including fire safety and prevention. The agency has developed and maintains numerous fire protection standards that help ensure public safety.

The other options represent different organizations with distinct functions. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) focuses specifically on fire prevention standards and codes but is not a federal agency. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is dedicated to responding to and managing federal disaster relief and emergency preparedness, while the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) encompasses a broad range of issues related to national security, including disaster management, but does not specifically carry the legacy of the National Bureau of Standards. Thus, NIST is the appropriate answer here, as it directly stems from the agency's evolution and maintains a critical focus on standards and measurements.