Which of the following is NOT typically used as a performance indicator in management?

In the context of management performance indicators, popularity is not typically used as a measure. Management focuses on quantitative and qualitative metrics that directly reflect operational success and performance, such as workload, efficiency, and effectiveness.

Workload relates to the amount of work assigned or expected to be completed within a given period, allowing managers to assess capacity and employee performance. Efficiency measures how well resources are utilized to achieve desired outcomes, highlighting productivity levels. Effectiveness evaluates the degree to which objectives and goals are met, providing insight into overall performance.

Popularity, however, is more subjective and does not directly correlate with performance or operational effectiveness. It may reflect trends or public opinion but lacks the concrete data needed for performance assessment. Therefore, it is not a reliable indicator for management purposes compared to the other options, which provide measurable insights into organizational performance.